An ontology for describing boreholes, core samples, sensors, and related geological data at the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies.
| Prefix | Namespace |
|---|---|
| bed | http://bedretto.org/ontology# |
| xsd | http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# |
This ontology provides classes and properties for representing boreholes, borehole logs, core samples, sensors, and related metadata for geoscientific research. It is designed to support data integration, sharing, and documentation for the Bedretto project.
A borehole is the generalized term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borehole diameter | bed:boreholeDiameter |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Diameter of the borehole, usually the same diameter as the drill bit. |
| Type | bed:boreholeType |
xsd:stringextraction, producer, estimulation, injector, monitoring |
1..*
|
Specific purpose of the borehole |
| Code | bed:code |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Short code or identifier for the entity, often unique within a context. |
| Core Section End | bed:coreSectionEnd |
xsd:float |
0..1
|
Section in depth along the borehole at which rock cores ends |
| Core Section Length | bed:coreSectionLength |
xsd:float |
0..1
|
Length computed from the beginning and end of the coring |
| Core Section Start | bed:coreSectionStart |
xsd:float |
0..1
|
Section in depth along the borehole at which rock core starts |
| Description | bed:description |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Textual description providing additional details about the entity. |
| Drill End | bed:drillEnd |
xsd:date |
1..1
|
The date of the end of drilling formatted according to ISO8601 (e.g., 2012-03-28). |
| Drilling Report | bed:drillingReport |
xsd:anyURI |
0..*
|
Technical report issued by the drilling company with detailed information about the drilling |
| Drilling Start | bed:drillingStart |
xsd:date |
1..1
|
The date of the start of drilling formatted according to ISO8601 (e.g., 2012-03-17). |
| Drill style | bed:drillStyle |
xsd:stringhammer, cored, rotational |
0..*
|
Method used to drill hole |
| General Purpose | bed:generalPurpose |
xsd:stringsite investigation, decontamination, disposal, geotechnical, mineral, monitoring, oil, groundwater, geothermal |
1..*
|
Purposes for which a borehole was drilled |
| Geometry | bed:geometry |
vertical, horizontal, inclined |
1..*
|
Shape or orientation of the entity, such as vertical, horizontal, or inclined. |
| Has configuration | bed:hasConfiguration |
Configuration |
0..*
|
a property to link a borehole to a configuration |
| Has Core | bed:hasCore |
Core |
0..*
|
Associates a borehole with its retrieved core(s). |
| Has Downhole Logging | bed:hasDownholeLogging |
Downhole Logging |
0..*
|
Indicates that a borehole has downhole logging data associated with it. |
| Has Location | bed:hasLocation |
Location |
1..*
|
Links an entity to its specific location. |
| identifier | bed:identifier |
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), Borehole Code, International Generic Sample Number (IGSN) |
1..1
|
URI, code, IGSN, unique identifier |
| Length Type | bed:lengthType |
xsd:stringloggers measurement, drillers measurement, survey, total vertical depth (TVD), measured depth (MD) |
1..*
|
Type or method used to determine the length, such as measured, logged, or surveyed. |
| Name | bed:name |
xsd:string |
1..1
|
Name of the entity. |
| Specific Purpose | bed:specificPurpose |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Detailed or specialized purpose for which the entity is used. |
| Status | bed:status |
xsd:stringin use, decommissioned, collapsed, abandoned |
1..*
|
Current status of the borehole |
| Total Length | bed:totalLength |
xsd:float |
0..*
|
The distance along a borehole. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#ConfigurationA configuration is a set of parameters that define the operation of a sensor or system.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borehole ID | bed:boreholeId |
xsd:int |
1..*
|
Identifier for the borehole associated with a configuration. |
| Deployment Type | bed:deploymentType |
xsd:stringcemented, clamped |
0..*
|
Type of deployment, such as cemented or clamped. |
| Description | bed:description |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Textual description providing additional details about the entity. |
| Has sensor | bed:hasSensor |
Sensor |
0..*
|
a property to link a configuration to a sensor |
| Installation Date | bed:installationDate |
xsd:date |
1..*
|
Date when the sensor or equipment was installed. |
| Location ID | bed:locationId |
xsd:int |
1..*
|
Identifier for the location in a configuration. |
| Orientation | bed:orientation |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Orientation of the sensor or equipment. |
| Removal Date | bed:removalDate |
xsd:date |
1..*
|
Date when the sensor or equipment was removed. |
| Sensor Code | bed:sensorCode |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Code identifying the sensor in a configuration. |
| Sensor Depth | bed:sensorDepth |
xsd:float |
1..*
|
Depth at which the sensor is installed. |
| SensorID | bed:sensorID |
xsd:int |
1..*
|
Unique identifier; inventory number |
| Sensor Status | bed:sensorStatus |
xsd:stringplanned, installed, removed |
1..*
|
Indicates if the sensor is part of a monitoring network or is in stock. |
Core is a long, continuous, cylindrical sample of solid rock collected by drilling a coring drill bit into a rock doby or subsurface.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom depth | bed:bottomDepth |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Relative bottom depth of the sample (on the core section), Driller's depth at the bottom of the core (i.e. when the core barrel is pulled out of the hole). |
| Campaign | bed:campaign |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Project or campaign under which the core or sample was collected. |
| Charge Number | bed:chargeNumber |
xsd:string |
1..1
|
Identifier for a charge or batch associated with the sample. |
| Core ID | bed:coreId |
xsd:string |
1..1
|
Unique identifier for a core sample or core run. |
| Core Run | bed:coreRun |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Core run number (within borehole; 1,2,...). IODP/ICDP convention. |
| Core Scan | bed:coreScan |
xsd:boolean |
0..*
|
Indicates whether a scan of the core exists. |
| Depth Reference | bed:depthReference |
xsd:stringmeasured depth, vertical depth |
1..1
|
Reference point for depth measurements, such as measured depth or vertical depth. |
| Diameter | bed:diameter |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Diameter of the core, sample, or borehole. |
| Has Core Sample | bed:hasCoreSample |
Core sample |
0..*
|
Associates a core with its derived core samples. |
| Has Geology | bed:hasGeology |
Geology |
0..*
|
Links a core to its geological description. |
| Length | bed:length |
xsd:float |
1..*
|
Length of the core, sample, or other entity. |
| Method | bed:method |
xsd:stringmulti-sensor core logger (MSCL), X-ray fluorescence |
0..*
|
Method or technique used for analysis or measurement. |
| Origin Laboratory | bed:originLab |
xsd:string |
1..1
|
Laboratory where the core or sample originated. |
| Repository | bed:repository |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Institution or facility where the core or sample is stored. |
| Repository Location | bed:repositoryLocation |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Specific location within the repository where the core or sample is stored. |
| Top depth | bed:topDepth |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Relative top depth of the sample (on the core section)., Driller's depth at the top of the core (i.e. when drilling of the core run commences). |
| Weight | bed:weight |
xsd:float |
0..1
|
Weight of the core or sample. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#CoreSampleA piece of rock rock usually of cylindrical form of a few centimeters long. Also known as plug. Used for laboratory tests and analysis.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Description | bed:description |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Textual description providing additional details about the entity. |
| Dimensions | bed:dimensions |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Physical dimensions of the sample. |
| Method | bed:method |
xsd:stringScaning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brazillian Test, Ultrasonic test |
0..*
|
Method or technique used for analysis or measurement. |
| Property | bed:property |
xsd:stringdensity, porosity, permeability, electric conductivity, velocity, mineralogy, stress, strain |
0..*
|
Physical or chemical property measured on the sample. |
| Sampling Purpose | bed:purpose |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Samples are taken from a core to perform specific analysis types. |
| Requester Laboratory | bed:requesterLaboratory |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Laboratory that requested the sample. |
| Sample Depth | bed:sampleDepth |
xsd:float |
1..*
|
Depth at which the sample was taken. |
| Sample Number | bed:sampleNumber |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Unique identifier for the sample |
| Sampling Date | bed:samplingDate |
xsd:date |
1..*
|
Date when samples were extracted from the core. |
| Subsample Type | bed:subsampleType |
xsd:stringthin section, trim end, powder |
0..*
|
Type of subsample, such as thin section, plug, or powder. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#DownholeLoggingDownhole logging is the process of measuring and recording physical properties of the borehole and surrounding rock formations using specialized instruments lowered into the borehole.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borehole Code | bed:boreholeCode |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Code identifying the borehole. |
| Centralized Tool | bed:centralizedTool |
xsd:boolean |
1..*
|
Indicates if the tool was centralized during logging. |
| Composite Log | bed:compositeLog |
xsd:boolean |
0..*
|
Indicates if a composite log was created. |
| Institution | bed:institution |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Institution responsible for the logging or measurement. |
| Logging Date | bed:loggingDate |
xsd:date |
1..*
|
Date when logging was performed. |
| Logging Direction | bed:loggingDirection |
xsd:stringupward, downward |
1..*
|
Instruments lowered into boreholes can measure on their way down into the borehole or up out of the borehole. |
| Logging Report | bed:loggingReport |
xsd:boolean |
0..*
|
Indicates if a logging report is available. |
| Logging Run | bed:loggingRun |
xsd:int |
1..*
|
Refers to the number of times a particular log has been run in the borehole. |
| Log Type | bed:logType |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Type of log recorded, such as geophysical or geological. |
| Magnetic Declination | bed:magneticDeclination |
xsd:float |
0..*
|
Magnetic declination measured during logging. |
| Magnetic Inclination | bed:magneticInclination |
xsd:float |
0..*
|
Magnetic inclination measured during logging. |
| Operator Name | bed:operatorName |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Name of the operator who performed the logging. |
| Sampling Rate | bed:samplingRate |
xsd:float |
0..*
|
Rate at which samples or measurements were taken. |
| Sampling Rate Unit | bed:samplingRateUnit |
xsd:stringmeter, inch, second |
0..*
|
Unit of measurement for the sampling rate. |
| Tool | bed:tool |
xsd:stringAcoustic televiewer (ATV), Optic televiewer (OTV), Deviation Tool (DEV), Spectral Gamma (SGR), Fluid Temperature and Conductivity (FTC), Caliper (CAL), Full Waveform Sonic (FWS), Magnetic susceptibility OSG, Mudparameter OSG, Sidewall density, Temperature, Conductivity, Three-arm caliper |
0..*
|
Instrument or tool used for logging or measurement. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#FibreOpticSensorA fibre optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to measure various physical properties such as temperature, strain, and pressure.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interrogator | bed:interrogator |
xsd:stringFBG interrogator, optoelectronics interrogator, Silixa DAS interrogator #(iDAS) #XT-DTS, HYPERION Optical Sensing Instrument |
1..*
|
Instrument used to interrogate or read fibre optic sensors. |
| Sensor Type | bed:sensorType |
xsd:stringdistributed acoustic sensing (DAS), distributed strain sensing (DSS), BRUsens strain sensing cable, distributed temperature sensing (DTS), fibre bragg grating sensor (FBG) |
1..*
|
Specific type of sensor usually provided by the manufacturer |
A geological description of the core, including rock classification and fabric.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Color | bed:color |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Color of the rock or sample. |
| Core ID | bed:coreId |
xsd:string |
1..1
|
Unique identifier for a core sample or core run. |
| Description | bed:description |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Textual description providing additional details about the entity. |
| Discontinuity | bed:discontinuity |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Presence of discontinuities such as fractures or faults. |
| Disturbance | bed:disturbance |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Description of any disturbance in the core or sample. |
| Foliation | bed:foliation |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Foliation or planar fabric in the rock. |
| Geological Age | bed:geologicalAge |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Geological age of the rock or sample. |
| Geological Unit | bed:geologicalUnit |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Geological unit or formation to which the rock belongs. |
| Grain Size | bed:grainSize |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Grain size of the rock or sample. |
| Litholog | bed:litholog |
xsd:boolean |
1..*
|
Indicates if a lithological log is available. |
| Minerals | bed:minerals |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Mineral composition of the rock or sample. |
| Rock Classification | bed:rockClassification |
xsd:stringigneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
1..1
|
Rocks are classified into three main types. |
| Rock Type | bed:rockType |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Type of rock identified in the geological description. |
| Texture | bed:texture |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Texture of the rock or sample. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#HydraulicSensorA hydraulic sensor is a device used to measure hydraulic properties such as pressure and flow in boreholes.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor Type | bed:sensorType |
xsd:stringIMI (?) Packer, multi-packer, flowmeter |
1..*
|
Specific type of sensor usually provided by the manufacturer |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#HydromechanicalSensorA hydromechanical sensor is a device used to measure hydromechanical properties such as pressure, flow, and temperature in boreholes.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor Type | bed:sensorType |
xsd:stringCTPP / Keller pressure probe, step-rate injection method for fracture in-situ properties (SIMFIP), DORSA, Tiltmetre CSIRO |
1..*
|
Specific type of sensor usually provided by the manufacturer |
Precise location of a borehole's surface position defined by easting and northing coordinates.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| azimuth | bed:azimuth |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
An angle indicating the orientation of something, with respect to the horizontal |
| Coordinate System | bed:coordinateSystem |
xsd:stringUTM (Universal Transverse Mercator), Geographic Coordinates (Latitude & Longitude) |
1..1
|
Spatial reference system |
| Coordinate Type | bed:coordinateType |
xsd:stringPlanned, Staked out, Surveyed |
1..*
|
Type of coordinate measurement, such as planned, staked out, or surveyed. |
| Ground level relative to datum | bed:datumElevationReference |
xsd:string |
1..1
|
This is the distance from the sea level to the elevation of the location where the borehole is located |
| Description | bed:description |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Textual description providing additional details about the entity. |
| Borehole Dip | bed:dip |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Also Borehole inclination. |
| Dip Direction | bed:dipDirection |
xsd:stringupward, downward |
1..1
|
Direction of dip, such as upward or downward. |
| Easting | bed:easting |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Easting coordinate value, typically in meters. |
| Elevation | bed:elevation |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
The vertical height above datum of the borehole collar. |
| Ground Level | bed:groundLevel |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Elevation of the ground surface at the location. |
| Latitude | bed:latitude |
xsd:float |
0..1
|
Latitude coordinate in float degrees. |
| Longitude | bed:longitude |
xsd:float |
0..1
|
Longitude coordinate in float degrees. |
| Northing | bed:northing |
xsd:float |
1..1
|
Northing coordinate value, typically in meters. |
| Tunnel Meter | bed:tunnelMeter |
xsd:int |
1..1
|
Meter mark or position along a tunnel. |
| Tunnel Section | bed:tunnelSection |
xsd:stringMain Tunnel, FEAR tunnel |
0..1
|
Section or segment of a tunnel. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#MonitoringMonitoring refers to the process of systematically observing and recording data over time to assess changes or trends in a specific environment or system.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitoring Category | bed:monitoringCategory |
xsd:datedownhole monitoring, surface monitoring, tunnel monitoring |
0..*
|
Category of monitoring, such as downhole or surface monitoring. |
| Monitoring Type | bed:monitoringType |
xsd:stringexperimental seismic network, background seismic network, distributed fibre optic sensing |
1..*
|
Type of monitoring performed, such as seismic or fibre optic. |
http://bedretto.org/ontology#SeismicSensorA seismic sensor is a device used to detect and measure seismic waves, typically used in geophysical studies.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor Type | bed:sensorType |
xsd:stringAE GMuG-Ma-Blc-30-60 (C ), AE GMuG-Ma-Blw-7-140 (SV-SpW), AE GMuG-Ma-Blw-7-70 (SV-SpW), AE Transmitter - Blw-Tr40 (SV-SpW), AE Transmitter - Blw-Tr50 (SV-SpW), Accelerometer PCB 3c (<3kHz), Accelerometer Wilcoxon 1c (<25kHz), Cascadia posthole, IMS Geophone (100 Hz), MBAS Geophone (100 Hz), Titan posthole, Trillium Posthole, EpiSensor |
1..*
|
Specific type of sensor usually provided by the manufacturer |
Mechanical or electronic devices for measuring various properties in the well. These devices can be permanent; in this case, they are left in place for months or even years.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deployment Type | bed:deploymentType |
xsd:stringpermanent, temporary |
1..*
|
Type of deployment, such as cemented or clamped. |
| identifier | bed:identifier |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
URI, code, IGSN, unique identifier |
| Manufacturer | bed:manufacturer |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Producer of the sensor |
| Model | bed:model |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Sensor model provided by the manufacturer |
| Sensor Group | bed:sensorGroup |
xsd:stringSeismic sensor, hydromechanical sensor, hydraulic sensor, fibre optic |
1..*
|
Sensor classification with respect to the discipline of the property they measure |
| SensorID | bed:sensorID |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Unique identifier; inventory number |
| Sensor Status | bed:sensorStatus |
xsd:stringreserved, damaged, ceased |
1..*
|
Indicates if the sensor is part of a monitoring network or is in stock. |
| SensorSubtype | bed:sensorSubtype |
xsd:string |
0..*
|
Sensors that are house-made or tailored to purpose |
| Sensor Type | bed:sensorType |
xsd:stringseismometer, geophone, accelerometer, acoustic emission sensor, strainmeter, tiltmeter, piezometer, flowmeter |
1..*
|
Specific type of sensor usually provided by the manufacturer |
| Serial Number | bed:serialNumber |
xsd:string |
1..*
|
Unique number provided by the manufacturer |
A testbed is a platform for testing, experimentation, and validation, which consists of infrastructure that includes hardware, software, and other resources.
| Property name | URI | Expected value | Card. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | bed:category |
xsd:stringgeothermal, induced seismicity, CO2 storage, radioactive waste |
1..*
|
Classification or grouping of the entity, such as geothermal, induced seismicity, etc. |
| Has monitoring | bed:hasMonitoring |
1..*
|
a property to link a testbed to a monitoring instance | |
| Location | bed:location |
Locationtunnel, borehole, mine, cavern, reservoir |
1..*
|
General or specific place where the entity is situated. |
| Long Name | bed:longName |
xsd:stringBedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies (BULGG), Grimsel Test Site, Mont Terri rock laboratory, Geothermal research platform Groß Schönebeck, Pilot site for geological storage of CO2 Ketzin, Geotechnology Laboratory Fraunhofer IEG, TRUDI underground laboratory, Geothermal Project on TU Delft campus, UK Geoenergy Observatory, Cheshire Observatory, Glasgow Observatory, UK GeoEnergy Research Centre (GERC), Rijswijk Centre for Sustainable Geo-energy (RCSG), ECCSEL Svelvik CO2 Field Lab, BRGM's Geothermal Testing Facility, Sotacarbo Fault Laboratory, Underground research laboratory Andra, CATenoy experimental site (CATLAB), PITOP Borehole Geophysical Test Site, Krafla Magma Testbed |
1..*
|
Full official name of the entity, such as a test bed or laboratory. |
| Short Name | bed:shortName |
xsd:string |
0..1
|
Abbreviated or commonly used name for the entity. |
| Testbed Type | bed:testbedType |
xsd:stringunderground research laboratory, test site, field-scale laboratory, field-scale observatory |
1..*
|
Type of testbed |
Initial version. Please update with release notes as needed.